CCPA Issues Notice to Ola and Uber for Unfair Trade Practices
🏢 Ola Cabs / Uber
📂 Transport / Ride-hailing
Violation: Unfair trade practices and violation of consumer rights; based on 2,482 grievances against Ola and 770 against Uber registered via National Consumer Helpline between April 2021 and May 2022
Consumer Impact: Directed both platforms to become convergence partners in the National Consumer Helpline for better grievance redressal; comply with Consumer Protection Act 2019 and E-Commerce Rules
CCPA Directs Ola Cabs to Allow Consumer Choice in Refund Method and Issue Auto-Ride Invoices
🏢 Ola Cabs (ANI Technologies Pvt Ltd)
📂 Transport / Ride-hailing
Violation: Unfair trade practice: refunds issued only as coupon codes/Rapido coins redeemable on next ride; not issuing invoices/bills for auto rides (Consumer Protection Act 2019 violation)
Consumer Impact: Directed to allow consumers to choose preferred refund method; directed to issue invoices for auto rides; directed to display Grievance Officer and Nodal Officer details in app support section
CCPA Issues Notice to Ola and Uber for Alleged Differential Pricing by Device OS
🏢 Ola Cabs / Uber
📂 Transport / Ride-hailing
Violation: Alleged differential pricing of fares for identical routes based on whether the user's phone runs Android or iOS — treating consumers unequally
Consumer Impact: Both companies issued notices and asked to explain pricing practices; Ola denied differential pricing
CCPA Imposes Penalty on Rapido for Misleading 'Auto in 5 Min or Get Rs 50' Advertisement
🏢 Rapido (Roppen Transportation Services Pvt Ltd)
📂 Transport / Ride-hailing
Violation: Misleading advertisement: promised Rs 50 cash if auto not provided in 5 minutes, but compensation given only as 'Rapido coins' valid 7 days and redeemable only for bike rides; disclaimers in unreadably small font; ad ran for 548 days across 120+ cities
Consumer Impact: Rs 10 lakh penalty imposed; directed to discontinue misleading advertisement immediately; directed to refund Rs 50 in full to all consumers who did not receive promised compensation
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 10,00,000
CCPA Issues Show Cause Notice to Ola Electric for Consumer Rights Violations
🏢 Ola Electric (Ola Electric Mobility Ltd)
📂 Transport / Electric Vehicles
Violation: Alleged violation of consumer rights, misleading advertisement, and unfair trade practices; 10,644 complaints between September 2023 and August 2024 related to defective scooters, slow service, delayed deliveries, and unfulfilled service promises
Consumer Impact: Show cause notice issued with 15-day response window; detailed probe ordered on November 6, 2024 by DG Investigation; Ola's claim of 99.1% resolution debunked (79.2% of contacted consumers were dissatisfied)
CCPA Directs Yatra to Refund Rs 31,79,069 to Consumers for COVID-19 Lockdown Cancellations
🏢 Yatra Online Pvt Ltd
📂 Travel / Tourism
Violation: Non-refund of cancelled air tickets affected by COVID-19 lockdown; travel agencies informed consumers refunds not received from airlines; credit shells issued restricting future bookings
Consumer Impact: Directed 22 remaining airline partners of Yatra to refund Rs 31,79,069 to consumers; Yatra directed to set up dedicated helpline at NCH for remaining cases
CCPA Suo Motu Action Against Kesari Tours — Refund of Tour Amounts to 461 Tourists
🏢 Kesari Tours Pvt Ltd
📂 Travel / Tourism
Violation: Non-refund of tour costs for COVID-cancelled tours; coercing consumers to book future tours; levying 25% cancellation charges; issuing credit shells; charging rescheduling fees — all deemed unfair trade practices
Consumer Impact: Directed to refund full tour cost to 461 consumers with 9% interest per annum from date of payment; directed to refund exorbitant cancellation charges; directed to refund amounts forfeited from consumers who had paid only advance amounts
Order
2021-2023 (ongoing proceedings)
CCPA Action on COVID Refunds — MakeMyTrip, EaseMyTrip, ClearTrip, Ixigo Refund Rs 1,454 Crore
🏢 MakeMyTrip / EaseMyTrip / ClearTrip / Ixigo / Thomas Cook / HappyEasyGo
📂 Travel / Tourism
Violation: Non-refund of air tickets cancelled during COVID-19 lockdown; issuing credit shells instead of cash refunds; violating Supreme Court order dated October 1, 2020
Consumer Impact: CCPA facilitated total refund of Rs 1,454 crores to consumers; MakeMyTrip refunded Rs 978 cr; EaseMyTrip refunded Rs 232.63 cr; ClearTrip refunded Rs 158.27 cr; Ixigo refunded full Rs 46.68 cr; Thomas Cook refunded in full; HappyEasyGo referred to District Collector for non-compliance
CCPA Penalises Amazon for Selling Substandard Pressure Cookers — Recall and Penalty
🏢 Amazon India (Amazon Seller Services Pvt Ltd)
📂 E-commerce / Consumer Goods
Violation: Selling 2,265 domestic pressure cookers not conforming to mandatory BIS standards (Domestic Pressure Cooker Quality Control Order 2020); AmazonBasics brand pressure cooker among violators
Consumer Impact: Rs 1 lakh penalty; directed to notify consumers of 2,265 pressure cookers; directed to recall all units and reimburse buyers; compliance report within 45 days
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 1,00,000
CCPA Penalises Flipkart for Selling Substandard Pressure Cookers
🏢 Flipkart Internet Pvt Ltd
📂 E-commerce / Consumer Goods
Violation: Allowing sale of 598 domestic pressure cookers not conforming to mandatory BIS standards (Domestic Pressure Cooker QCO 2020); Flipkart earned Rs 1,84,263 in fees from such sales
Consumer Impact: Rs 1 lakh penalty; directed to notify consumers of 598 pressure cookers; directed to recall and reimburse buyers; compliance report within 45 days
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 1,00,000
CCPA Penalises Cloudtail (Amazon Seller) for Selling Substandard Pressure Cookers
🏢 Cloudtail India Pvt Ltd (Amazon JV)
📂 E-commerce / Consumer Goods
Violation: Selling 1,033 units of domestic pressure cookers (including AmazonBasics) not conforming to mandatory BIS standards on Amazon platform; sales continued even after import was suspended
Consumer Impact: Rs 1 lakh penalty; directed to recall all 1,033 units; directed to reimburse prices to consumers; compliance report within 45 days
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 1,00,000
CCPA Directs Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, Shopclues, Meesho to Delist Car Seat Belt Alarm Stopper Clips
🏢 Amazon / Flipkart / Snapdeal / Shopclues / Meesho
📂 E-commerce / Road Safety
Violation: Selling car seat belt alarm stopper clips that mute mandatory safety alarms, violating Rule 138 of Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989; clips sold disguised as bottle openers or cigarette lighters; endangers consumer lives and invalidates motor insurance claims
Consumer Impact: All five platforms directed to delist clips immediately; 13,118 total listings removed (Amazon: 8,095; Flipkart: 4,000–5,000; Meesho: 21; Snapdeal: 1; Shopclues: 1); advisory issued to industry; CCPA wrote to Chief Secretaries and District Collectors
CCPA Penalises Snapdeal for Selling Non-BIS Compliant Toys
🏢 Snapdeal (Ace Vector Limited)
📂 E-commerce / Child Safety
Violation: Facilitating sale of toys lacking mandatory BIS certification under Toys (Quality Control) Order 2020; 305 units sold by two sellers in 2022–2023; listings lacked manufacturer name, address, BIS certification numbers; platform earned Rs 41,032 in fees
Consumer Impact: Rs 5 lakh penalty; directed to ensure no non-BIS compliant toys listed on platform; directed to prominently display Grievance Officer contact details; directed to strengthen compliance systems
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 5,00,000
CCPA Issues Guidelines on Prevention of Misleading Advertisements and Endorsements 2022
🏢 All advertisers, manufacturers, service providers, advertising agencies, endorsers and influencers
📂 Cross-Sector / Advertising
Violation: Regulatory framework to prevent unsubstantiated claims, false guarantees, misleading endorsements, bait advertising, and surrogate advertising across all media
Consumer Impact: Penalty up to Rs 10 lakh for first offence; up to Rs 50 lakh for repeat offences; endorsement ban up to 1 year (3 years for repeat); criminal liability up to 2 years imprisonment; mandatory substantiation of all advertising claims
Guideline
January 20, 2023
CCPA Releases 'Endorsement Know-Hows' Guide for Celebrities, Influencers and Virtual Influencers
🏢 All social media influencers, celebrities, virtual influencers
📂 Cross-Sector / Social Media / Influencer Marketing
Violation: Failure to disclose paid partnerships; endorsing products without personal use/verification; making unsubstantiated health/financial claims in promotions; endorsing illegal gambling/betting
Consumer Impact: Mandatory disclosure labels ('Ad', 'Sponsored', 'Collaboration') required; influencers equally liable for misleading content; penalties up to Rs 10 lakh; ban from endorsing for 1–3 years; criminal prosecution for repeat offenders
CCPA Penalises Vajirao and Reddy Institute for Misleading UPSC CSE 2022 Advertisement
🏢 Vajirao and Reddy Institute (Delhi)
📂 Education / Coaching Institutes
Violation: Misleading advertisement: claimed '617 selections in UPSC CSE 2022, 7 in top 10, 39 in top 50' without disclosing which specific courses successful candidates enrolled in, creating false impression that all courses had equal success rates
Consumer Impact: Rs 7 lakh penalty; directed to immediately cease publishing misleading advertisements
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 7,00,000
CCPA Penalises StudyIQ IAS for Misleading UPSC CSE 2023 Advertisement
🏢 StudyIQ IAS (YouTube channel with 18.8 million subscribers)
📂 Education / Coaching Institutes
Violation: Misleading advertisement: advertised '120+ selections' and 'Success Pakka Offer/Selection Pakka Offer' without disclosing that 126 of 134 claimed candidates enrolled only in Interview Guidance Programme (IGP) — a course not prominently advertised; also failed to provide enrollment documentation
Consumer Impact: Rs 7 lakh penalty; directed to cease misleading advertisements immediately
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 7,00,000
CCPA Penalises Edge IAS for Misleading UPSC CSE 2023 Advertisement
🏢 Edge IAS (Delhi)
📂 Education / Coaching Institutes
Violation: Misleading advertisement: prominently displayed names and photos of 13 UPSC CSE 2023 successful candidates without disclosing that 11 were enrolled only in Interview Guidance Programme (IGP) and 2 in Mentoring Course + IGP, neither of which was the main course advertised
Consumer Impact: Rs 1 lakh penalty; directed to cease misleading advertisements immediately
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 1,00,000
CCPA Imposes Rs 15 Lakh Penalty on Vajirao and Reddy Institute for Repeat Misleading Advertisement
🏢 Vajirao and Reddy Institute (Delhi)
📂 Education / Coaching Institutes
Violation: Repeat violation: claimed 'Over 645 Selections Out of 1016 Vacancies in UPSC CSE 2023 From Vajirao & Reddy Institute; 6 in Top 10 AIR; 35 in Top 50 AIR; 64 in Top 100 AIR' — same pattern of concealing course information as previous violation
Consumer Impact: Rs 15 lakh penalty (higher due to repeat offence); directed to discontinue misleading advertisement
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 15,00,000
Guideline
November 30, 2023
CCPA Issues Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns 2023
🏢 All e-commerce platforms systematically offering goods/services in India
📂 E-commerce / Cross-Sector / Digital
Violation: Regulatory framework addressing 13 prohibited dark patterns: False Urgency, Basket Sneaking, Confirm Shaming, Forced Action, Subscription Trap, Interface Interference, Bait and Switch, Drip Pricing, Disguised Advertisements, Nagging, Trick Wording, SaaS Billing, Rogue Malwares
Consumer Impact: Penalties under Consumer Protection Act 2019 for violations; first offence: up to 2 years imprisonment and Rs 10 lakh fine; applicable to all platforms, advertisers and sellers in India
CCPA Issues Notice to BookMyShow for 'Basket Sneaking' Dark Pattern
🏢 BookMyShow (Bigtree Entertainment Pvt Ltd)
📂 E-commerce / Entertainment / Ticketing
Violation: Basket Sneaking: automatically adding Rs 1 per ticket towards 'BookASmile' charity via pre-ticked checkbox without explicit consumer consent, violating Clause 2 of Annexure 1 of Dark Pattern Guidelines 2023
Consumer Impact: Notice issued; BookMyShow voluntarily modified its UI to provide clear, voluntary opt-in option for the donation; practice stopped after CCPA intervention
CCPA Order Against IndiGo for 'Confirm Shaming' Dark Pattern and Opaque Seat Selection
🏢 IndiGo (InterGlobe Aviation Ltd)
📂 Aviation / Airline
Violation: Dark pattern violations: (1) Confirm Shaming — displaying 'No, I will take risk' when users opted out of add-on services; (2) Opaque seat assignment process — obscuring ability to skip paid seat selection, forcing consumers to pay for preferential seat without knowing they could skip
Consumer Impact: Directed to change manipulative opt-out text to neutral language ('No, I will not add to the trip'); directed to add clear disclaimer that web check-in can be completed without seat selection; IndiGo complied — added 'You can skip preferred seat selection and complete your booking'
Suo Motu Probe / Investigation
October 2024
CCPA Issues Suo Motu Probe on Zomato and Swiggy for Cancellation and Refund Policies
🏢 Zomato / Swiggy
📂 Food Delivery / E-commerce
Violation: Unfair trade practices: high cancellation charges up to 90% of order value even when delay/deficiency was on platform side; lack of transparency — cancellation terms not displayed at checkout; 10,590 complaints against Swiggy and 7,938 against Zomato in 2024 alone via NCH
Consumer Impact: Suo motu probe initiated; CCPA likely to direct both platforms to revise cancellation and refund policies; expected to mandate reworked software systems for customer-friendly cancellation terms and faster refunds
CCPA Issues Advisory on Service Charges in Restaurants — Mandatory Levy Declared Unfair
🏢 Hotels and Restaurants (nationwide)
📂 Food and Beverage / Restaurants
Violation: Automatic/mandatory levy of service charges (typically 10%) on food bills without consumer consent; adding service charge to bill and then charging GST on it; restricting entry based on refusal to pay service charge
Consumer Impact: Guidelines issued prohibiting automatic service charge addition; consumers cannot be forced to pay; no restrictions on service based on refusal; service charge cannot be collected under any other name; fines of Rs 30,000–50,000 for violations + mandatory billing software changes
CCPA Acts Against 27 Restaurants for Mandatorily Levying Service Charges
🏢 27 restaurants across India including Café Blue Bottle (Patna), China Gate Restaurant (Bora Bora, Mumbai)
📂 Food and Beverage / Restaurants
Violation: Mandatorily levying ~10% service charge automatically in food bills without consumer consent, violating CCPA July 2022 Guidelines and Section 2(47) of Consumer Protection Act 2019
Consumer Impact: Café Blue Bottle directed to refund full service charge to consumer and discontinue practice; China Gate Restaurant fined Rs 50,000 and directed to remove service charge from default billing software; all 27 restaurants directed to discontinue mandatory service charge
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 50,000 (China Gate Restaurant); other individual orders pending
Guideline
October 15, 2024
CCPA Issues Guidelines on Prevention and Regulation of Greenwashing 2024
🏢 All entities advertising environmental claims in India
📂 Cross-Sector / Environment / FMCG
Violation: Deceptive or misleading environmental claims including vague terms ('eco-friendly', 'green', 'carbon neutral', 'organic', 'natural', 'clean', 'cruelty-free') without substantiation; cherry-picking favorable environmental data; hiding negative environmental aspects
Consumer Impact: Prohibited use of unsubstantiated eco-claims; mandatory disclosure via QR code/URL; third-party certification required; first offence: Rs 10 lakh + up to 2 years imprisonment; repeat: up to Rs 50 lakh + 5 years imprisonment
Guideline
November 13, 2024
CCPA Issues Guidelines for Prevention of Misleading Advertisements in Coaching Sector 2024
🏢 All coaching centres in India
📂 Education / Coaching Institutes
Violation: False guarantees of success; exaggerated claims about faculty qualifications, course offerings, job placements, success rates; using student names/photos without consent; unverified claims like 'assured job placement', 'success pakka'
Consumer Impact: Coaching centres prohibited from making unverifiable success claims; must obtain written student consent before using testimonials; endorsers liable jointly with institutes; consumer complaints rose from 4,815 in 2021-22 to 16,276 in 2023-24; NCH recovered Rs 1.15 crore in refunds for students
Order
2025 (orders finalised by March 2026)
CCPA Fines Meta, Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho Rs 10 Lakh Each for Illegal Walkie-Talkie Sales
🏢 Meta Platforms Inc. (Facebook Marketplace) / Amazon / Flipkart / Meesho / Chimiya / JioMart / Talk Pro / MaskMan Toys
📂 E-commerce / Consumer Electronics / Telecom Safety
Violation: Facilitating illegal listing and sale of walkie-talkies operating outside permitted 446.0–446.2 MHz frequency band; 16,970 non-compliant listings identified; products falsely advertised as 'license-free' or '100% legal'; endangering emergency communication networks
Consumer Impact: Total penalties: Rs 44 lakh; Rs 10 lakh each on Meta, Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho; Rs 1 lakh each on Chimiya, JioMart, Talk Pro, MaskMan Toys; directed to delist all non-compliant listings; platforms directed to implement pre-listing compliance checks and automated monitoring
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 44,00,000 total (Rs 10 lakh each for 4 major platforms)
CCPA Issues Show Cause Notices to 11 Companies for Dark Patterns Including Zepto, Rapido, Uber, Ola
🏢 Zepto / Rapido / Uber / Ola and others (11 companies total)
📂 E-commerce / Quick Commerce / Transport
Violation: Prohibited dark patterns: false urgency, drip pricing, subscription traps, and nagging — used to manipulate consumer decision-making on quick commerce and ride-hailing apps
Consumer Impact: Show cause notices issued; companies asked to explain and propose remedial measures; CCPA may initiate proceedings including penalty orders, mandatory corrections, and discontinuation of dark patterns
Order
2024 (ongoing enforcement action)
CCPA Imposes Total Rs 61.6 Lakh Penalty on 19 Coaching Institutes for Misleading Advertisements
🏢 19 coaching institutes across India (names include Vajirao & Reddy, StudyIQ IAS, Edge IAS and 16 others not individually named in public releases)
📂 Education / Coaching Institutes
Violation: Misleading advertisements across UPSC, JEE, NEET and other competitive exam coaching centres: unverifiable success claims, inflated selection counts, concealing course-specific data, false guarantees, using student testimonials without consent
Consumer Impact: Total penalty of Rs 61,60,000 imposed on 19 institutes; all directed to discontinue misleading advertisements immediately; 45 notices issued in total
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 61,60,000 (combined across 19 institutes)
Order
2021–2024 (ongoing)
CCPA Facilitated Rs 1,454 Crore Refund from Online Travel Platforms and Airlines
🏢 MakeMyTrip / EaseMyTrip / ClearTrip / Ixigo / Yatra / Thomas Cook / HappyEasyGo and partner airlines
📂 Travel / Aviation / Tourism
Violation: Non-refund of air tickets affected by COVID-19 lockdown; issuing non-refundable credit shells; charging cancellation fees; violating Supreme Court order of October 1, 2020 mandating full refunds
Consumer Impact: Total Rs 1,454 crore refunded to consumers; Ixigo and Thomas Cook refunded 100%; MakeMyTrip refunded Rs 978 cr; EaseMyTrip Rs 232.63 cr; ClearTrip Rs 158.27 cr; HappyEasyGo referred to District Collector and contempt threat
Supreme Court Action (CCPA jurisdiction highlighted)
November 2023 – April 2024
Supreme Court Action on Patanjali Misleading Advertisements — CCPA Role Highlighted
🏢 Patanjali Ayurved Ltd / Divya Pharmacy (Baba Ramdev)
📂 FMCG / Health / Ayurveda
Violation: False and misleading health claims: advertisements claiming permanent cure for diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obesity, asthma, and COVID-19; violating Drugs and Magic Remedies Act; running ads despite November 2023 undertaking not to make such claims
Consumer Impact: Supreme Court issued contempt notice February 2024; manufacturing licences of 14 Patanjali/Divya products suspended April 15, 2024; Supreme Court order April 23, 2024 criticised government bodies including CCPA for inadequate enforcement; self-declaration certificate mandate issued for food and healthcare advertisers
Aggregate Enforcement Report
2023–2024 (reported in official PIB press release)
CCPA Issues 325 Notices for Consumer Rights Violations, Misleading Ads and Unfair Trade Practices
🏢 Various companies across sectors
📂 Cross-Sector
Violation: 325 notices covering: misleading advertisements (57 notices), unfair trade practices (47 notices), violation of consumer rights (9 notices), plus additional notices to coaching centres (45) and others across e-commerce, FMCG, food, transport sectors
Consumer Impact: Total penalties imposed of Rs 1.19 crore across all notices; companies directed to discontinue violations; penalties range from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 10 lakh per case
⚠️ Penalty: Rs 1,19,00,000 (Rs 1.19 crore total)
CCPA Directs E-Commerce Platforms to Self-Audit for Dark Patterns — June 2025 Advisory
🏢 All e-commerce platforms operating in India
📂 E-commerce / Cross-Sector / Digital
Violation: Non-compliance with Dark Patterns Guidelines 2023; continued use of prohibited dark patterns including pre-ticked boxes, false urgency timers, hidden cancellation terms, drip pricing
Consumer Impact: Platforms given 3 months to conduct self-audit and eliminate dark patterns; must submit self-declarations of compliance; CCPA may initiate proceedings for non-compliance; advisory effective June 6, 2025 to December 31, 2026
CCPA Prohibits Restaurants from Adding LPG Surcharge or Fuel Cost Recovery to Bills
🏢 Hotels and Restaurants (nationwide)
📂 Food and Beverage / Restaurants
Violation: Adding charges labelled 'LPG surcharge', 'LPG charges', or 'fuel cost recovery' to customer bills automatically — a form of drip pricing and unfair trade practice under Consumer Protection Act 2019
Consumer Impact: CCPA advisory declaring such levies cannot be added automatically; only applicable taxes permitted over listed price; warned of strict action for violations
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